CO2对油田地下水环境中Q235钢和X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探明辽河油田地下水环境中CO₂对Q235钢和X70管线钢的腐蚀规律,采用动电位极化技术及交流阻抗技术研究了不同CO₂浓度对该环境下两种钢腐蚀行为的影响,并利用光学显微镜对试样腐蚀界面进行表征。结果表明:随着CO₂浓度的增加,Q235和X70钢的交流阻抗图谱的半径均减小,腐蚀电流密度增大,腐蚀坑数量、深度和面积都增加,腐蚀敏感性增大。在低浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为10%时),Q235钢的腐蚀敏感性比X70钢更高;而在高浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为20%、40%、60%时),Q235钢的腐蚀速率反而较小,耐腐蚀性更好。     

新型常温捕收剂DN-6对磷灰石的捕收性能研究

为降低北方磷矿厂的选矿成本，提高浮选指标，东北大学研制了一种常温磷灰石捕收剂DN-6。为检测DN-6的浮选性能，进行了单矿物浮选试验，并通过Zeta电位检测和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对该捕收剂在磷灰石表面的作用机理进行了研究。单矿物浮选试验结果表明，在矿浆pH=7.6，矿浆温度28 ℃，DN-6用量为166.7 mg/L的浮选条件下，捕收剂DN-6对磷灰石单矿物的浮选回收率可达97.59%。Zeta电位和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，pH＜4时，DN-6在磷灰石表面发生键合吸附。     

H13钢等离子堆焊Ni60A/Cr3C2覆层的磨损及热疲劳性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在H13钢基体表面上制备了Ni60A/Cr₃C₂堆焊覆层,研究了覆层的磨损行为和热疲劳性能。在600 ℃下销盘试验的结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层的耐磨性是Ni60A堆焊覆层的2.8倍和基材H13钢的11.6倍。镍基覆层可以显著降低H13钢的摩擦因数,加入碳化铬则会削弱覆层的摩擦性能。随着磨损的进行,主要磨损机理从氧化磨损演变为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。在800 ℃到室温下的热疲劳测试结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层在48个热循环后疲劳裂纹达到200 μm,早于镍基覆层的62次。这说明高温氧化促进热疲劳裂纹的产生。碳化铬增强相从镍基上剥离,导致镍基复合覆层热疲劳性能下降。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟的浅层采空区稳定性分析

隐患采空区是目前影响露天开采矿山安全生产的主要危害源之一。随着台阶开采的不断剥离,露天开采境界内各台阶与地下空区群的隔离层厚度越来越薄,随时有可能发生采空区顶板坍塌事故。考虑到露天矿采空区地质赋存条件和围岩稳固性等特征,以弓长岭露天铁矿浅层采空区为工程背景,运用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的手段综合分析了浅层采空区的稳定性。将液体静力水准地表沉降监测系统的监测数据与FLAC数值模拟结果对比,调整蠕变参数使得数值模拟的蠕变速率与现场监测结果一致,而后据此进行未来结果的预测。最终根据地表沉降数据确定的蠕变参数取值为A=1.0×10^-12、m=1.75、n=0.35。研究表明:静力水准测点地表最大沉降位移为-9.8 mm,蠕变计算结果顶板最大垂直位移约20.4 mm,应力最大值约25 MPa,综合分析显示该采空区较稳定。上述研究提供了一种基于采空区现场监测数据的数值模拟蠕变分析方法,可为类似矿山采空区稳定性分析提供借鉴。     

Structure variation and energy storage properties of acceptor-modified PBLZST antiferroelectric ceramics

Energy storage capacitors with high recoverable energy density and efficiency are greatly desired in pulse power system. In this study, the energy density and efficiency were enhanced in Mn-modified (Pb_0.93Ba_0.04La_0.02)(Zr_0.65Sn_0.3Ti_0.05)O₃ antiferroelectric ceramics via a conventional solid-state reaction process. The improvement was attributed to the change in the antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition electric field (E_F) and the ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition electric field (E_A) with a small Mn addition. Mn ions as acceptors, which gave rise to the structure variation, significantly influenced the microstructures, dielectric properties and energy storage performance of the antiferroelectric ceramics. A maximum recoverable energy density of 2.64 J/cm³ with an efficiency of 73% was achieved when x = 0.005, which was 40% higher than that (1.84 J/cm³, 68%) of the pure ceramic counterparts. The results demonstrate that the acceptor modification is an effective way to improve the energy storage density and efficiency of antiferroelectric ceramics by inducing a structure variation and the (Pb_0.93Ba_0.04La_0.02)(Zr_0.65Sn_0.3Ti_0.05)O₃-xMn₂O₃ antiferroelectric ceramics are a promising energy storage material with high-power density.     

Novel hydrophilic N-halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

N-halamine-based antibacterial agents have high efficiency and rechargeable antibacterial properties. However, their applications are limited due to their complex synthetic process and fuzzy antibacterial mechanism. In this study, a novel N-halamine antibacterial polymer was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the difficulty of purification, most of the subjects studied previously were hydrophobic polymers, while little research on hydrophilic polymers. In this experiment, this difficulty was overcome by controlling the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and methods of dialysis. Because of the complex cell structure of Gram-negative bacteria, it is difficult for N-halamines to release the oxidizing chlorine into the cell. However, the hydrophilic N-halamines can solve this problem, which showed a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli synthesized in this study. In addition, the particle size and hydrophilic property of the polymer were changed by changing the amount of initiator, and the differences in their antibacterial properties were studied. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47419.